India is committed to the welfare and development of its people in general and of vulnerable sections of society in particular. Equality of status and opportunity to all citizens of the country is guaranteed by the Constitution of India which also provides that no individual shall be discriminated against on the grounds of religion, caste or sex. Fundamental Rights and specific provisions, namely, Articles 38, 39 and 46 in the Constitution of India stand testimony to the commitment of the State towards its people. The strategy of the State is to secure distributive justice and allocation of resources to support programmes for social, economic and educational advancement of the weaker sections in general and those of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Backward Classes and Minorities in particular to avoid injustice and exploitation. The paper analysis the schemes and Constitutional Safeguards of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in India.