Orissa was occupied by the British in 1803.From 1803 to 1866; the colonial government did not improve roads and communication. It gave priority on strategic and commercial roads. It only concentrated on Jagannath Road and False Point Port for commercial purposes. By the year 1866, 4000 miles of railway were constructed in India. But the sane was not extended to Orissa, River Mahanadi was explored for military purposes’. In 1866, Bengal Orissa Famine visited Orissa. In this famine one third of its population were perished. The Famine was aggravated due to poor communication system. Even relief materials could not be transported because of this. So, the Famine commission of 1866 recommended for development of roads, navigational canals, ports and Ports and telegraph.