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VOL. 11, ISSUE 1 (2026)
Reforming human nature: Xunzi’s ethical and political philosophy
Authors
Srishti Negi
Abstract
Xunzi expressed a contrary view to Mencius' hopeful perspective of
human nature because he believed that humans are fundamentally flawed, so they
need rituals (li) and educational development to progress. This paper studies
Xunzi's ethical and political approach, which promotes social institutions as
the pathway to moral growth instead of natural goodness. Research explores the
following proposition: What effects does Xunzi's conception of human nature
produce on his ethical philosophy and political outlook while revealing
governance implications? The study employs a textual analysis of Xunzi
alongside comparative insights from Confucian and Legalist traditions. The
essay maintains that Xunzi proposes disciplined, organized learning and
state-led regulation as essential components for developing moral virtue. Xunzi
advocates authoritarian governance through his political philosophy because he
believes rulers direct moral social order. The main research outcome
demonstrates that Xunzi presents practical principles for moral growth, which
require state-guided educational systems for ethical progress. Several scholars
maintain that his perspectives potentially support authoritarian government
structures. The paper demonstrates how Xunzi stands relevant to modern
governance and ethical debates concerning human nature along with education
systems and state duties in moral development.
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Pages:26-31
How to cite this article:
Srishti Negi "Reforming human nature: Xunzi’s ethical and political philosophy". International Journal of Multidisciplinary Education and Research, Vol 11, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 26-31
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